SCOCAblog by the California Constitution Center and the Hastings Law Journal

Vergara: Teacher Tenure Is Not Necessarily an Equal Protection Issue

Vergara v. State of California

31 May, 2016

Vergara: Teacher Tenure Is Not Necessarily an Equal Protection Issue

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This week a petition for review was filed in Vergara v. State of California (S234741), potentially setting the stage for SCOCA to settle the great matter pending in education law today. The issue in that case is framed as whether teacher tenure violates students’ right to an effective education. As we explain below, that is not the real question, and teacher tenure is only one factor in evaluating an education right claim based on equal protection. The California constitution protects an individual right to an education. As our colleague Anne Gordon explained in her article, California Constitutional Law: The Right...

Opinion Analysis: Kilby v. CVS Pharmacy, Inc.

Kilby v. CVS

8 Apr, 2016

Opinion Analysis: Kilby v. CVS Pharmacy, Inc.

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In response to a request from the Ninth Circuit, the California Supreme Court provided definitive guidelines for interpretation of the “suitable seats” requirement of California’s wage orders. Although not as frequent a subject of litigation as overtime and misclassification, the provision is the subject of several pending class actions, which should benefit from the new decision. The “Suitable Seats” Requirement All but two of the seventeen California Industrial Welfare Commission wage orders contain the following requirement: “(A) All working employees shall be provided with suitable seats when the nature of the work reasonably permits the use of seats. (B) When...

What if SCOCA Decided to Fund the State Bar with Judicial Branch Fees?

Uncategorized

29 Mar, 2016

What if SCOCA Decided to Fund the State Bar with Judicial Branch Fees?

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In this article we consider a simple separation of powers issue with serious implications: Can the California judicial branch fund the State Bar of California by imposing fees on practitioners?[1] We think this is a problem in two stages. The first question (whether the judiciary can impose such fees) raises one sort of separation of powers issue, and the second (the likely consequences) requires a different analysis. Background The state bar was created by statute in 1927. It received constitutional entity status in 1966, when article 6, section 9 of the California constitution was added: “The State Bar of California is...

Argument Analysis: People v. Franklin

People v. Franklin

17 Mar, 2016

Argument Analysis: People v. Franklin

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On March 1, 2016, the California Supreme Court heard argument in People v. Franklin (S217699). Tyris Franklin was convicted of murder at the age of sixteen and sentenced to a mandatory fifty years to life in prison. The briefing in People v. Franklin sought a fundamental change in the sentencing of juveniles tried in adult courts to make parole dates turn on the individual characteristics of the defendant and not on the prison term set by the applicable statute. The March 1 oral argument, however, seemed to suggest that little will change. The issue stems from a 2005 decision by...

U.S. Senate: Be Afraid of State Supreme Courts

Uncategorized

16 Mar, 2016

U.S. Senate: Be Afraid of State Supreme Courts

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President Obama has nominated Merrick Garland, chief judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, for appointment as a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Senators who are at all familiar with the system of dual sovereignty created by the U.S. Constitution will move quickly to act on that nomination, because without a full bench the nation’s high court is severely limited in its ability to prevent state supreme court decisions from being the final word. So to all the Federalists in the chamber: fear the state supreme courts. Because unless you act on this...

Does a Statute Compelling a Business to Enter into a Collective Bargaining Agreement Violate Equal Protection, or the Nondelegation Doctrine?

Gerawan Farming Inc. v. Agriculture Labor Relations Board

22 Feb, 2016

Does a Statute Compelling a Business to Enter into a Collective Bargaining Agreement Violate Equal Protection, or the Nondelegation Doctrine?

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Later this year the California Supreme Court will hear arguments in Gerawan Farming Inc. v. Agriculture Labor Relations Board—a case that has already received a great deal of public attention. At issue are controversial amendments to the Agricultural Labor Relations Act. They purport to authorize the California Agricultural Labor Relations Board to order businesses into binding “interest arbitration.” Under the Mandatory Mediation and Conciliation provisions of the ALRA, the Board issues a binding order, at the request of a petitioning union, forcing a business to enter into mediation over a proposed collective bargaining agreement (CBA), and ultimately—if the union and...

Opinion Analysis: Monterey Peninsula Water Management District v. California Public Utilities Commission

Monterey Peninsula Water Management District v. CPUC

27 Jan, 2016

Opinion Analysis: Monterey Peninsula Water Management District v. California Public Utilities Commission

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On January 25, 2016, in Monterey Peninsula Water Management District v. California Public Utilities Commission, the California Supreme Court issued its first opinion in over twenty years reviewing a California Public Utilities Commission (“CPUC”) decision. The last time the court spoke on the scope of the CPUC’s jurisdiction—in 1995—it ruled that the CPUC’s otherwise broad authority does not allow it to ignore express statutory directives or other clear restrictions on its authority. Assembly v. Public Utilities Commission (1995) at 103–104. After a long hiatus, the court has again clarified the limitations of the CPUC’s jurisdiction: the CPUC does not have...

Advisory Measures and the Legislature’s Power to Investigate

Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Ass'n v. Bowen

25 Jan, 2016

Advisory Measures and the Legislature’s Power to Investigate

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In a recent decision, Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Assn. v. Padilla, the California Supreme Court considered the validity of Proposition 49, which would have asked the electorate whether Congress should propose, and the legislature ratify, a federal constitutional amendment overturning the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Comm. (2010). The court held that the legislature’s investigative power permits it to place advisory measures on the ballot for the electorate’s consideration. For what it’s worth, we concur. The court’s order that the measure be taken off the ballot seemed dramatic enough, as the general rule is that the...

Do felony disenfranchisement laws in California violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

Uncategorized

8 Jan, 2016

Do felony disenfranchisement laws in California violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

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I.  Introduction Equal protection is once again the doctrine of the day. It figured prominently in the same-sex marriage cases: a losing argument in SCOCA, and the dispositive principle in SCOTUS. As Anne Gordon noted in her recent post entitled “Is SB 277 a denial of the right to education?,” the pending litigation over school funding (which will be heard before the California Court of Appeal on January 27 and is likely to reach SCOCA) also largely turns on equal protection. And there is another issue on the horizon that might ultimately call for SCOCA resolution: felon disenfranchisement. This post...

California Gets an “F” Grade in Judicial Accountability, and We Have Questions

Uncategorized

30 Nov, 2015

California Gets an “F” Grade in Judicial Accountability, and We Have Questions

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The Center for Public Integrity (“CPI”) conducts periodic evaluations of all three branches of government in each state.[1] In the CPI’s just-published report on California, the state judiciary received an F grade. This is a significant drop from the C-minus California received in 2012, the last time the CPI evaluated the state. But the last three years have seen significant advancements in judicial transparency, as the state judiciary has broadened public access to the branch’s records and the state’s counties have continued to expand online access to court records.[2] So how have things gone from “not great” to “failing” in...

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SCOCAblog is a Berkeley Law & Hastings Law Journal publication focused on substantive coverage of the Supreme Court of California. We provide analysis of doctrinal and procedural issues in cases before the court, and news about developments pertaining to the court itself. Our contributors include former justices of the court, academics and practitioners with subject matter expertise, and advocates experienced in appellate practice before the state high court.

SCOCAblog is brought to you by the California Constitution Center at Berkeley Law and the Hastings Law Journal , in partnership with regular contributors Kerr & Wagstaffe LLP and Horvitz & Levy LLP.

CONTRIBUTORS

David Andreasen
David Axelrad
Erin Bernstein
Ryan Bezerra
Dean Bochner
Danny Chou
John Diamond
Scott Dodson
Steven M. Duvernay
Paul Fogel
Anne Gordon
Michael D. Gowe
Joseph Grodin
Greta Hansen
Philip Johnson
J. Clark Kelso
Jason Knox
David Levine
Rory Little
Dennis Maio
Ted Mermin
Richard Miadich
Myron Moskovitz
Bradley Pauley
Harry G. Prince
Jeremy Rosen
Gunnar Rosenquist
Darien Shanske
Laurel Simmons
Gary Simms
Shane G. Smith
Margaret TIdes
James Wagstaffe